How to Support Struggling Readers in KS1

Reading is one of the most important skills a child will ever learn. In Key Stage 1 (KS1), children begin their journey into literacy, laying the groundwork for future academic success and a lifelong love of learning. But for some children, learning to read doesn’t come easily. If you’re a teacher, parent, or carer wondering how to help a struggling reader in KS1, here are some practical and effective strategies.

1. Spot the Signs Early

Early identification is key. Children who struggle with reading may:

• Avoid reading or appear disinterested

• Have difficulty recognising common words (high-frequency or tricky words)

• Struggle to sound out words phonetically

• Read slowly or with little expression

• Have trouble understanding what they’ve just read

If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to act early and provide consistent support.

2. Focus on Phonics

Systematic phonics teaching is a core part of the KS1 curriculum. Ensure children have a strong grasp of:

• Letter-sound correspondences

• Blending sounds to read words

• Segmenting words to spell them

For struggling readers, extra phonics support might mean:

• Revisiting earlier phases of phonics

• Using multisensory approaches (e.g., magnetic letters, sand trays, singing)

• Short, frequent sessions to reinforce learning

3. Use Decodable Books

Decodable books match a child’s current phonics phase, allowing them to practise reading with success. This builds confidence and reinforces their phonics knowledge. Avoid books that introduce too many unfamiliar words, as these can be discouraging.

4. Read Aloud – and Often

Reading aloud to children is incredibly powerful. It models fluent reading, exposes them to a wide range of vocabulary, and helps develop comprehension skills. Choose engaging stories, picture books, or even poetry to spark interest. Don’t forget to talk about the story as you go!

5. Keep Reading Sessions Short and Positive

For a struggling reader, long or high-pressure reading sessions can lead to frustration. Instead:

• Keep sessions short (5–10 minutes)

• Celebrate effort, not just accuracy

• Offer lots of praise and encouragement

Make reading a fun and positive experience, not a chore.

6. Play with Words

Make phonics and reading playful! Try:

• Rhyming games

• Word hunts

• Letter sound bingo

• Apps or games designed to reinforce phonics

Learning through play helps children stay engaged and motivated.

7. Involve Parents and Carers

Reading progress is best when support is consistent between school and home. Help parents understand how to:

• Use phonics at home

• Read daily with their child

• Choose the right level of books

• Stay patient and encouraging

Providing simple tips or resources can make a huge difference.

8. Seek Additional Support if Needed

Sometimes, persistent difficulties may indicate a specific learning need such as dyslexia. If you’ve tried several strategies and a child is still struggling, it’s worth involving your school’s SENCO (Special Educational Needs Co-ordinator) for further assessment and support.

Final Thoughts

Every child’s reading journey is different. For some, it takes a little longer—but with patience, targeted support, and a love of books, struggling readers in KS1 can make great progress. Your encouragement could be the key that unlocks their reading confidence.